0. Executive Summary
Judgment axis | Key judgment |
| Item Identity | A representative storage vegetable that utilizes the enlarged bulbs of Allium cepa of the Amaryllidaceae family. |
| Key role | Raw food, cooked food, catering, dining out, sauces, HMR, peeling, cutting, freezing, drying, powdered ingredients |
| Harvesting principle | Assess variety, cultivation type, bulb enlargement, lodging, skin condition, harvest time, storage purpose, and buyer's intended use together. |
| Product separation | Separate raw materials from the source, cured products, preserved products, selected products, peeled, sliced, diced, frozen, dried, powdered, and purified. |
| Separation of similar items | Manage shallots, leeks, chives, and garlic, and Plant/Product roles separately. |
| Domestic statistics | Nationwide onion cultivation area and production volume: To be entered after verification of official national statistical raw data. |
| Production Risk | Crop type, variety, weather, drainage, pests and diseases, rainfall at harvest time, lodging, and deviation in bulb enlargement |
| Storage risk | Insufficient curing, spoilage, sprouting, weight loss, storage diseases, temperature and humidity deviations |
| Processing risk | Peeling loss, cutting yield, color, odor, texture after freezing, and drying yield variation |
| Operating Principles | Seed–Field–Bulb Lot–Curing–Storage–Processing–Buyer RFQ Connection |
| Final goal | Converting storability, processability, and buyer suitability into real-time supply chain data, rather than production volume itself. |
The Rural Development Administration's "Agricultural Technology Guide: Onion" treats onion cultivation as an independent production system, covering everything from variety, cropping method, seedling cultivation, autumn sowing, spring sowing in high-altitude areas, greenhouses, bulb cultivation, mechanization, harvesting, curing, storage, sorting, and packaging. Therefore, onions should not be managed as a simple harvest-type vegetable, but as a representative storage crop where post-harvest curing and storage determine supply capacity . ( Nongsaroo )
1. Plant Identity & Product Master
Plant Identity
Basic fields | Onion Registration Standards |
| Korean name | onion |
| English name | Onion |
| Representative scientific name | Allium cepa L. |
| classification | Amaryllidaceae · Allium |
| Edible parts | Enlarged throat |
| Separate usage area | Young leaves and leaf sheaths require separate product review by variety and product type. |
| Non-edible · Separate management | Roots, aging leaves, outer skin, diseases, rotten parts |
| Major harvesting stages | Young bulbs / Early-maturing marketable bulbs / Mid-to-late-maturing marketable bulbs / For storage / For processing / For seed production |
| Basic product form | Raw · Cured · Selected · Peeled · Whole Peeled · Slice · Dice · Chopped · Frozen · Dried · Powder |
| Basic processing stage | Harvesting → Curing → Storage → Sorting → Peeling → Cutting → Freezing, Drying, Grinding, Puree, Heating |
| Basic use | Cooking · Food Service · Dining Out · HMR · Sauces · Freezing · Dried · Powder · Flavoring Ingredients |
| Similarity Principle | Separation of Shallots, Leeks, Chives, Garlic, and Taxon and Product Roles |
Kew manages Allium cepa L. as an accepted species and describes it as an edible bulbous geophyte. ( Plants of the World Online )
Product Master
Product ID | Product type | Key Management Standards |
| ONI-P01 | Onions harvested from the mountain | Variety · Cultivation Type · Harvest Date · Lot |
| ONI-P02 | Onions before curing | Harvest moisture, outer skin, and neck condition |
| ONI-P03 | Cured product | Drying of outer skin, drying of the neck, decay |
| ONI-P04 | For short-term distribution | Size, color, appearance, and hardness |
| ONI-P05 | For long-term storage | Curing, Storage, and Diseases |
| ONI-P06 | Selective appeal | Diameter, Weight, Use |
| ONI-P07 | Selected Jung-gu | Diameter, weight, and uniformity |
| ONI-P08 | Selected Daegu | Diameter, Weight, Buyer Specifications |
| ONI-P09 | red onion | Variety, Color, Marketability |
| ONI-P10 | Whole Peel | Peeling yield, hygiene, and hardness |
| ONI-P11 | Half/Cut | Cutting and refrigeration |
| ONI-P12 | Slice | Thickness, Diameter, and Cutting Yield |
| ONI-P13 | Dice | Size and cutting yield |
| ONI-P14 | Chopped | Particle size and uniformity |
| ONI-P15 | Food service pre-processing | Peeling, amputation, and safety |
| ONI-P16 | Bulk dining out | Whole peeled · Dice · Slice |
| ONI-P17 | HMR ingredients | Cut Spec · Heating Suitability |
| ONI-P18 | Frozen Dice | Pretreatment, freezing, and thawing |
| ONI-P19 | Frozen Slice | Shape retention and thawing quality |
| ONI-P20 | Dry Slice | Final moisture, color, and scent |
| ONI-P21 | Dry Flake | Particle size, moisture, scent |
| ONI-P22 | Onion powder | Particle size, moisture, color, scent |
| ONI-P23 | Onion puree | Solid content, viscosity, heating history |
| ONI-P24 | Roasted and Caramelized Ingredients | Building · Per · Heating Yield |
| ONI-P25 | Source Base | Puree, Flavor, and Heat Suitability |
| ONI-P26 | Non-standard health ball | Processing upon safety compliance |
| ONI-P27 | Skin and peeling byproducts | Generation Amount, Safety, and Resource Recovery |
| ONI-P28 | Onions for seed production | Variety · Seed Production |
| ONI-P29 | Seed Lot | Variety, Purity, Germination |
| ONI-P30 | PB · Finished Products | Raw Material Lot · Processing Batch |
2. Product Classification & Use Segmentation
Classification criteria | Subdivision type | Management principles |
| Plant classification | Allium cepa | Separated from other Alliums |
| varieties | actual cultivated varieties | Seed Lot Connection |
| Pharyngeal infarction | Yellow, white, red, etc. | Variety · Product Attribute |
| Cultivation method | Autumn sowing, spring sowing, greenhouse, offsets, etc. | Separate Production Container |
| ripening | Early, mid, late, etc. | Separation of shipping time and shelf life |
| sphere size | Small, medium, large, etc. | Actual specifications by Buyer |
| Storage purpose | Immediate shipment · Short-term · Long-term storage | Separation of Curing/Storage |
| Distribution methods | Raw material · Sorting · Mesh packaging · Peeling · Fresh-cut | Product Separation |
| Processing form | Freeze, dried, powder, puree, sauce | Process Lot |
| Final use | Retail · Food Service · Dining Out · HMR · Sauces · Spices | Buyer-specific management |
| Transaction type | Spot shipment · Storage and shipment · Contract farming · OEM · PB | Contract |
| origin | Domestic/Imported | Traceability |
3. Production, Harvest & Post-harvest
step | Essential Dataset | Management purpose |
| Cultivation plan | Variety · Ripening Period · Cultivation Type · Buyer · Shipping Date | Production plan |
| satellite | Variety · Seed Lot · Germination | Traceability |
| Seedling cultivation | Sowing date, seedling age, and growth | Tomb quality |
| formula | Date, Density, Planting | Production schedule |
| survival | Growth and Missing Plants | Initial stability |
| Overwintering | Growth and Weather by Crop Type | East Sea Risk |
| Growth | Number of leaves, plant vigor, leaf sheath | Bulb Forecast |
| Oral hypertrophy | Diameter, weight, uniformity | Harvest forecasting |
| rising | Temperature, Precipitation, Solar Radiation, Humidity | Growth and Diseases |
| Soil moisture | Moisture and drainage | District oversized and corrupt |
| Watering | Timing and amount | Quality Control |
| dispute | Soil testing, base fertilizer, top dressing | productivity |
| pests | Occurrence, Diagnosis, and Control | Product rate |
| martial arts uniform | Occurrence period and rate | Harvest judgment |
| Harvest judgment | Breed, Robe, Size, Outer Skin | Harvest |
| harvest | Date · Bulb Lot | Harvest Lot |
| Dry before packaging | surface moisture removal | Quality stability |
| curing | Neck · Skin dryness · Period · Environment | Ensuring storage stability |
| Selection | Diameter, weight, color, defects | Grade |
| Storage | Receipt Date · Lot · Conditions | Inventory |
| save | Temperature, humidity, ventilation, and period | Loss management |
| Storage check | Sprouting, decay, weight loss | Available shipment volume |
| peeling | Remove outer bark, neck, and roots | Fresh-cut |
| cutting | Slice, Dice, Chop | Buyer Spec |
| freezing | Pretreatment and freezing | Year-round supply |
| dry | Slice, Flake, Moisture | Raw material production |
| smash | Particle Size · Batch | Powder |
| Puree | Crushing, heating, viscosity | Sauce/HMR |
| packaging | Fresh/Processed | trading unit |
| shipment | Buyer · Lot · Delivery Date | Delivery |
4. Quality Specification & Lot Management
Quality items | raw materials | Pre-treated products | processed goods | finished product | Public rating |
| Species | essential | succession | succession | tracking | Public |
| varieties | essential | succession | succession | tracking | Public/Verified |
| Cultivation method | essential | succession | tracking | - | Member |
| mountainous district | essential | succession | succession | mark | Public |
| farmhouse | ID | succession | tracking | - | Verified |
| Lot | Harvest Lot | Process Lot | Processing Lot | Manufacturing Lot | Verified/NDA |
| Sowing and planting dates | record | succession | - | - | Verified |
| Harvest day | core | succession | succession | tracking | Verified |
| Uniform condition | record | - | - | - | Verified |
| Spherical diameter | Actual measurements | Selection | Batch | - | Member |
| Old weight | Actual measurements | Batch | Input | - | Verified |
| rectangle | Photos and actual measurements | Selection | - | - | Member |
| Pharyngeal infarction | outer shell and interior | cutting | Product color | By product | Member |
| Outer shell condition | Dryness, peeling, damage | Before removal | - | - | Verified |
| Neck condition | Curing Core | eliminate | - | - | Verified |
| hardness | Fresh Core | Fresh-cut | process | By product | Verified |
| Buildings and Solids | If necessary | Processed raw materials | Dried/Puree | Product Spec | Verified |
| bud | Storage check | exception | - | - | Verified |
| corruption | exception | exception | Food conversion ban | - | Verified |
| Wounds/Compression | Selection | Processing review | - | - | Verified |
| Foreign matter/soil | check | Washing and peeling | Compliance with standards | Compliance with standards | Verified |
| pesticide residues | test | succession | Compliance with standards | Compliance with standards | Verified/NDA |
| microorganism | If necessary | Fresh-cut key | processed goods | Compliance with standards | Verified/NDA |
| Curing history | core | succession | tracking | - | Verified |
| Save history | essential | succession | tracking | - | Verified |
| Reduced storage weight | record | - | - | - | Verified/NDA |
| Peeling yield | - | core | Cost reflection | - | NDA |
| Cutting yield | - | core | Input | - | NDA |
| Refrigeration yield | - | - | core | cost | NDA |
| drying yield | - | - | core | cost | NDA |
| Powder yield | - | - | core | cost | NDA |
| Puree yield | - | - | core | cost | NDA |
| Final moisture | - | - | Dry product core | Product Spec | Verified |
| Island | - | - | Powder core | Product Spec | Verified |
| packaging | raw materials | Fresh-cut | processed goods | Final | Member |
| Expiration date | The relevant city | Fresh-cut | processed goods | mark | Member |
| Shipment | record | record | record | record | NDA |
| Returns and Claims | record | record | record | record | NDA |
| Repurchase | Buyer Connection | connection | connection | connection | NDA |
Lot Master Required Field
Lot ID · Item/Product Type · Scientific Name · Variety · Maturity · Cultivation Type · Origin/Cultivation Area · Producer · Seed Lot · Sowing Date · Planting Date · Harvest Date · Lodging Status · Bulb Diameter · Weight · Shape · Bulb Color · Skin Condition · Neck Condition · Hardness · Dry Matter · Solid Content (when measured) · Diseases · Spoilage · Wounds · Pesticide Use History · Pesticide Residue · Microbial Test Report · Curing Lot · Curing Conditions · Storage Lot · Storage Temperature & Humidity · Ventilation · Weight Loss · Sprouting · Spoilage · Raw Material Lot · Peeling · Slice · Dice · Chop · Freezing · Drying · Grinding · Puree History · Packaging Date · Best Before Date · Shipper · Returns · Claims · Repurchase
5. Korea Market & Demand Structure
Customers | Purchase criteria | Cooperation opportunities |
| Production Area Distribution Organizations · Agricultural Cooperatives | Variety, Ripening Period, Origin, Shipping Date | Contract shipment |
| wholesale market | Size, Grade, Origin, Stock | Spot trading |
| Storage company | Curing, shelf life, spoilage | Save RFQ |
| Large-scale distribution | Size, color, packaging, and freshness | Retail |
| school meals | Peeling · Dice · Slice · Safety | Preprocessing |
| dining out | Whole peeled · Slice · Chop | Regular supply |
| HMR | Dice·Frozen·Purée | semi-finished products |
| Meal kit | Small packaging · Cut | Fresh-cut |
| sauce manufacturer | Solids, Flavor, and Puree Yield | Ingredient |
| frozen vegetables | Dice, Slice, Freeze | Frozen |
| Drying company | Building, Color, and Drying Yield | Dried Onion |
| spice companies | Powder moisture, particle size, and scent | Onion Powder |
| Seasoning company | Powder, Puree, Roasted Ingredients | Seasoning |
| Meat processing and sauce companies | Dice·Purée·Powder | B2B |
| PB | Frozen, Powdered, Sauce | OEM |
| exporters | Fresh/Dried/Powder | Trade |
| Research Institute | Varieties, storage, mechanization, and processing | PRP |
6. Trade & Supply-chain Intelligence
step | Key variables | Operational judgment |
| satellite | Variety, Ripening Period, Cultivation Type | production base |
| Seedling cultivation and transplanting | Grave · Formal Parking | Harvest Forecast |
| Mountain production | Old enlargement and shipping machine | Supply |
| contract farming | Buyer Specifications · Estimated Quantity | stable procurement |
| harvest | Uniform · Size · Outer shell | Product Decision |
| curing | Skin and neck dryness | Storage suitability |
| save | Temperature, humidity, decay, sprouting | Inventory |
| Selection | Diameter, Weight, Color | Grade |
| peeling | Yield · Hygiene | Foodservice |
| cutting | Slice, Dice, Chop | HMR |
| freezing | Freezing and thawing | Year-round supply |
| dry | Moisture, color, and yield | Ingredient |
| powder | Entry point/fragrance | Seasoning |
| Puree | Solid content and viscosity | Sauce |
| Distribution and supply | Stock, Delivery, Packaging | Buyer SLA |
| RFQ | Fresh/Storage/Processing | Match |
| Repurchase | Quality, Yield, Delivery Time | Repeat trading |
HS·Trade Management
Product | HS Operating Principles |
| Fresh and refrigerated onions | Current Korea Customs Service HSK official confirmation |
| frozen onions | Check frozen vegetables three times |
| dried onions | Dried vegetables three times |
| Onion powder | Three reviews based on drying and grinding conditions |
| Onion puree and sauce | Classification by Preparations and Sauces |
| satellite | Seeds for sowing, separate three times. |
7. Processing, By-products & PRP Intelligence
Products and processes | Key conditions | RFQ conversion |
| Harvested raw materials | Variety, Harvest Date, Skin | Fresh |
| Cured product | Outer shell · Neck · Decay | Storage RFQ |
| Stores | Sprouting, decay, weight loss | Year-round supply |
| Selected onions | Diameter, Weight, Color | Retail |
| Whole Peel | Peeling yield and hygiene | School meals and dining out |
| Half | Size · Refrigeration | Foodservice |
| Slice | Thickness and cutting yield | Dining Out · HMR |
| Dice | Specifications and cutting yield | HMR |
| Chop | Particle size and uniformity | Sauce |
| Frozen Dice | Freezing and thawing | Frozen |
| Dry Slice | Moisture, color, scent | Food Ingredient |
| Flake | Moisture content and particle size | Seasoning |
| Powder | Particle size, color, scent | Seasoning ingredients |
| Purée | Solid content, viscosity, scent | Sauce |
| Roasted Onion Ingredients | Building and heating yield | HMR · Sauce |
| Non-standard health ball | Safety and no corruption | Cut/Processing |
| coat | Generation Amount · Safety | Compost and Material Research |
| peel residue | Generation amount | Review of feed, compost, etc. |
| Diseased/Decomposed area | Food supply chain exclusion | waste/compost |
PRP — Product Research Profile
PRP ID | Product Research Profile |
| PRP-ONI-01 | Variety–Ripening Period–Cultivation Type Mapping |
| PRP-ONI-02 | Seedling Quality – Rooting After Transplanting |
| PRP-ONI-03 | Weather – Spherical enlargement |
| PRP-ONI-04 | Soil moisture – spherical · decay |
| PRP-ONI-05 | Lodging – Optimal harvest time |
| PRP-ONI-06 | Harvest time – Storage |
| PRP-ONI-07 | Curing Conditions – Neck Drying |
| PRP-ONI-08 | Curing – Storage and decay |
| PRP-ONI-09 | Storage temperature and humidity – weight loss |
| PRP-ONI-10 | Storage conditions – sprouts |
| PRP-ONI-11 | Variety – Long-term storage |
| PRP-ONI-12 | Peeling yield – sphere size |
| PRP-ONI-13 | Slice/Dice Cutting Yield |
| PRP-ONI-14 | Frozen–thawed tissue |
| PRP-ONI-15 | Building-drying yield |
| PRP-ONI-16 | Drying conditions – Color and scent |
| PRP-ONI-17 | Powder particle size – Product suitability |
| PRP-ONI-18 | Purée · Roasting Processing Yield |
| PRP-ONI-19 | Non-standard Onion Product Recovery |
| PRP-ONI-20 | Variety–Storage–Processing–Buyer AI Match |
8. AX Transformation
first of all | Execution item | Performance indicators |
| 1 | Variety, cultivation type, origin, planting date, harvest date, and Lot are mandatory. | Required input rate |
| 2 | Separation of Fresh·Cured·Stored·Peeled·Processed Products | Identification rate |
| 3 | Connection between weather, growth, bulb enlargement, harvest, and storage | Runtime connection rate |
| 4 | Data conversion of quality, certificates, curing, and storage history | Lot completion rate |
| 5 | Farm–Storage–Processing–Buyer RFQ Connection | Match rate |
| 6 | Video AI Sphere Size and Shape Selection | Grade Accuracy |
| 7 | AI detection of outer skin, wounds, and decay | Defect detection rate |
| 8 | Lodging and Optimal Harvest Prediction | Harvest Error |
| 9 | Production volume forecast | Forecast Error |
| 10 | Curing completion point prediction | Inappropriate storage and receiving rate |
| 11 | Prediction of storage spoilage and sprouting | Storage Loss |
| 12 | Storeable Inventory Forecast | Inventory Accuracy |
| 13 | Prediction of peeling and cutting yields | Actual measurement error |
| 14 | Drying and powder yield prediction | Input–Output Error |
| 15 | Price and supply forecast | Forecast Accuracy |
| 16 | Fresh→Processing Transition AI | Recovery rate |
| 17 | AI Buyer Match | Sample approval rate |
| 18 | Traceability | Finished Product → Field Lot Traceability |
| 19 | Repurchase Runtime | Buyer reorder rate |
9. Industry Problem Bank
Problem group | Problem Definition | Required data |
| Mixed varieties and ripening periods | Differences in shipment and storage life | Variety |
| Mixed cultivation methods | Differences in harvest season and production area | Crop Type |
| Seedling deviation | Difference in growth uniformity after transplanting | Nursery |
| weather changes | Effects on bulb enlargement and harvest | Climate |
| Excessive moisture and drainage | Disease and Old Quality Risk | Soil Water |
| Sphere size deviation | Buyer specification discrepancy | Diameter |
| Uniform deviation | Difficulty in determining harvest | Lodging |
| Harvest season rainfall | Drying and Storage Risk | Weather |
| Curing non-uniformity | Deterioration of shelf life | Curing |
| Neck undried | Corruption Risk | Neck Status |
| Storage spoilage | Product inventory reduction | Storage |
| bud | Long-term storage quality degradation | Sprouting |
| weight reduction | Decrease in actual sales inventory | Weight Loss |
| Opaque storage inventory | Difficulty in assessing supply and demand | Inventory |
| Discrepancy in sorting specifications | Size Gap by Buyer | Grading |
| peeling loss | Increase in preprocessing costs | Peeling Yield |
| Fresh-cut microorganisms | Safety Risk | Microbiology |
| Cut yield deviation | Impact on school meal and HMR costs | Cutting Yield |
| Frozen quality variation | Tissue changes after thawing | Frozen |
| Drying yield variation | Impact on dried raw material costs | Dry Matter |
| Variation in powder color and scent | Impact on the quality of seasoning products | Powder Quality |
| Processing of non-standard parts | Fresh rejection loss of value | Recovery |
| Price and supply fluctuations | Impact on storage and shipment volumes | Market |
| Discrepancy in contract volume | Production–Buyer Demand Gap | Contract |
| Lot history interruption | Lack of traceability from production to storage to processing | Traceability |
| Repurchase not reflected | Buyer evaluation non-recovery | Repurchase |
10. Farmer RFQ & Collaboration Model
RFQ Type | Public Registration | Verify/NDA |
| Procurement of raw materials from the source | Variety, Cultivation Type, Origin, Shipping Date | Farm, Volume, Unit Price |
| Fresh Sales | Size, Color, Grade | Lot · Price |
| Fresh purchase | Size, color, and variety of the ball | MOQ · Target Price |
| Purchase for storage | Variety · Curing · Shelf life | Actual quantity and conditions |
| Storage and Shipment | Delivery Period · Grade | Inventory/Actual Unit Price |
| Regular supply | Product Cycle | Weekly and monthly volume |
| contract farming | Variety · Ripening Period · Buyer Spec | Area, Price, and Quantity |
| Peeled onion | Size and peeling yield | Yield · MOQ |
| For school meals | Whole peeled · Dice | Test Report · Delivery Date |
| For dining out | Slice · Chop | Delivery cycle |
| HMR | Dice·Frozen·Purée | Processing conditions |
| frozen onions | Slice/Dice | Thawing test |
| dried onions | Building and drying yield | Final moisture |
| Onion powder | Particle size, color, scent | Test Reports · MOQ |
| Purees and sauces | Solid content and viscosity | Formula/NDA |
| PB | Frozen, Powdered, Sauce | OEM |
| export | Fresh/Dried/Powder | HS·Quarantine |
| Technology demonstration | Storage, AI Sorting, and Mechanization | Dataset |
| Research cooperation | Variety · Curing · Storage · Processing | PRP |
11. RFQ Request First
① Need Products & Materials
Companies and institutions seeking necessary products, agricultural products, raw materials, and processed goods register purchasing demands. Registered requests are utilized to review cooperation with potential suppliers and producers based on the RFQ Intelligence Library.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Supplier/Product Review → Collaboration Connection → Future AI Matching
Register
② We are looking for production and manufacturing partners. (Need Suppliers & Manufacturers)
Register a request to find necessary production and supply partners, ranging from farms and producer organizations to processing companies, OEM, ODM, and private label manufacturers.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Review of Production & Manufacturing Capabilities → Collaboration Connection → Future AI Partner Matching
Register
③ We are looking for domestic and international buyers. (Need Buyers)
Farmers, producer organizations, and manufacturing companies are requesting cooperation with new buyers, such as domestic and international distributors, importers, brand companies, and food service and catering businesses.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Product & Supply Capability Review → Market & Buyer Connection → Future AI Buyer Matching
Register
Contact : mail@markethub.org
Version History
Version | Main contents | situation |
| v1.0 | Plant Identity · Cultivation · Bulb Enlargement · Curing · Storage · Fresh · Peeling · Freezing · Drying · Powder · RFQ Basic Structure Registration | complete |
| v1.1 | Verification of official production, region, price, storage, HS, and import/export raw data | expected |
| v2.0 | Subdivision of Product Quality Standards for Variety, Ripening Period, Old Standard, Curing, Storage, Peeling, Drying, and Powder | expected |
| v3.0 | Producer–Storage Facility–Processing Enterprise–Food Service·Restaurant·HMR·Buyer Verified Container Combination | expected |
